Consider yourself part of the collection management committee of your local library, or a library at which you would like to work. You must decide whether or not to separate GBLTQ fiction and African American Fiction from the general collection to its own special place. Some patrons have requested this, yet many staff are uncomfortable with the idea - saying it promotes segregation and disrupts serendipitous discovery of an author who might be different from the reader. Do you separate them? Do you separate one and not the other? Why or why not? You must provide at least 3 reasons for or against your decision. Feel free to use outside sources - this is a weighty question that is answered differently in a lot of different libraries.
The library where I work has our adult fiction interfiled, but we had long discussions about that decision and still have long discussions about genre stickers, so I have definitely thought long and hard about decisions like this - though we have never discussed separating GLBTQ fiction and African American fiction or having special stickers for those books.
In general, I like an interfiled collection with no genre stickers, because I love to browse and discover new books. An interfiled collection forces me to look at all different genres. I think that, as long as there are other tools in place to help people looking for a very particular type of book, an interfiled collection can better promote the collection and help people expand their horizons and reading tastes.
That being said, I definitely understand the appeal of a collection separated by genre. If you are into a certain type of book, it's very convenient to be able to go to one particular section and browse for the things you want. But to do that effectively, I feel like it has to be a "real" genre, and that the books need to either fit solidly into that genre or that the library needs to be able to have more than one copy of the book to put in each section (which is not going to happen in most libraries, especially small ones).
Thinking about all of that, I think that GLBTQ fiction and African American fiction should not be separated within a library collection. However, if genres are separated, Street Lit/Urban Lit is a valid.
Neither GLBTQ fiction nor African American fiction are really "genres," in my opinion. There are a myriad of books that have GLBTQ or African American characters or themes, and they do not all fit into a single genre. The blog of Reference & User Services Quarterly posted a very interesting discussion about "genres," and the concept of interfiling, that underscores this point. They wrote: "Here the idea of genre is useful because it defines a set of precepts that describe a certain style of writing. This knowledge will then allow us as readers’ advisors to connect readers to books that they will enjoy." For example, the appeal of the book I annotated this week, "The Bells of Times Square," was the appeal of a romance - it was a GLBTQ book because the romance was between two men. That's very different from the appeal of, for example, "Art on Fire," the 2014 winner of the Barbara Gittings Literature Award at the Stonewall Book Awards, which is about a young lesbian artist. The only connection is that the characters are not heterosexual. The same thing can be said for African American fiction - "Beloved" by Toni Morrison and "Rappers 'R In Danger" by Relentless Aaron are very different books. One is not necessarily better than the other, and the same person could appreciate both books, but if the point of genres is to group books with a certain style of writing, this fails miserably. However, shelving Relentless Aaron with other Street Lit books makes more sense, should a library want to shelve or sticker books by genre.
However, I'm still generally opposed to separating genres by shelving or stickers because they can put an invisible barrier between a patron and the books they want to read. Since homosexuality, bisexuality, transvestism, etc., is not always accepted by the community at large, and because sexuality is a private issue for people, shelving the GLBTQ books in a different section may deter people from exploring them. People discovering their sexuality may want to read books about a GLBTQ experience as a form of experimentation or self-discovery, but they may not want other patrons to know that they are doing this. Straight people may have interest in the lives of GLBTQ people but may not want people to know about their interest for a variety of reasons. These are all privacy issues that libraries need to consider and be sensitive to. The bylaws of the ALA's GLBT Roundtable state that the GLBTRT aims to "develop, promote and defend unrestricted access of all library users to information by or about gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people." Even if access is not specifically restricted, having these books in a separate area may put up an invisible barrier to patrons, GLBTQ or not, who wish to read those books. There could be a similar phenomenon for African American fiction. People who are not African American may feel uncomfortable looking through those books because they are not "for" them. Street Lit as a genre does not have the same kind of concern; however, in general people may have preconceived notions about certain genres, Street Lit included, and be reluctant to explore them.
Finally, on the practical end, it would be incredibly difficult to come up with rules about shelving or stickering GLBTQ fiction and African American fiction, and the rules would likely end up being rather arbitrary. Would the GLBTQ fiction indicator only be for books that have GLBTQ main characters, or would it be appropriate for books with GLBTQ secondary characters? Would the GLBTQ indicator come first over other genre indicators (especially if only one copy of the book could be purchased, and the book could only go in one section)? For example, would "The Telling" by Ursual K. LeGuin be shelved or stickered as science fiction or GLBTQ, since it has a lesbian protagonist? Would "The Bells of Times Square" be romance or GLBTQ? For African American fiction, would those books be all books by African American authors? Do Walter Mosely's mysteries and science fiction books go in those sections, or are they all in the African American fiction section? Are Beverley Jenkins' novels romance or African American fiction? What about books about African Americans that are written by white authors, like "The Help" by Kathryn Stockett? It's an impractical and difficult system.
Don't get me wrong - I think that GLBTQ books and books by African American authors and/or about African Americans are extremely important for all libraries to have, and patrons should be able to find them! Libraries should be making book lists and other passive readers advisory materials to help people find the items they're looking for. Libraries' OPACs should have strong genres and subject headings to help find books with certain subjects. Librarians should be trained to help people find whatever they're looking for without judgment. However, I think that genre separating by shelving or stickers hinders patrons more than it helps them - and, especially in the case of GLBTQ fiction, it may hinder some of the most vulnerable patrons who need to read those books the most.
That's a valid point about a patron may want to keep their preferences private and so by having books labeled GLTBQ with stickers puts a patrons selection out there so everyone can know what they are checking. Most times, you'll never know if a book is considered GLTBQ based on the cover.
ReplyDeleteJenny, your thoughts on this were very compelling--I agree with your reasons for interfiling, and appreciate your well-thought out arguments.
ReplyDeleteYour thoughts are great - especially the concern about GLBTQ patrons feeling 'outed' by having to go to a different section. I also agree that African American fiction, if we're thinking books written by African Americans, isn't a great idea - booklists on the other hand are!
ReplyDeleteYour thoughts are great - especially the concern about GLBTQ patrons feeling 'outed' by having to go to a different section. I also agree that African American fiction, if we're thinking books written by African Americans, isn't a great idea - booklists on the other hand are!
ReplyDeleteJennifer,
ReplyDeleteI appreciate your reasons for having an interfiled section. This is a very difficult question to answer as there are reasons for both. I have worked in libraries that do both, and see both sides. I do think interfiling helps browsers find books they might never discover if they are browsing only a preferred section. Also, some authors write more than one genre, and separating the collection makes it hard to find some books. James Patterson is one example. Also, some books are hard to categorize into a genre.
I've been on staff as we've switched to an interfiled fiction section, and you're right, there are reasons for both! One of the ways we pitch it to patrons who don't like the interfiled section is by talking to them about the way that authors write in multiple genres. Most of them have discovered new books in a different genre by an author that they love. The big exception is Westerns, which is a pretty insular section, although even in that section you have writers like Elmore Leonard, and even Louis L'Amour has a couple of books we didn't have listed as Westerns!
DeleteDo you guys use genre stickers at this time? We do at the library that I work at and I have to say we do so with great success. I think that it is great, and value that people can quickly see if something is interesting to them, but I do have feelings about it stopping people from reading something that they otherwise wouldn't, or it being too specific, when these books fall within so many sub-genres. We recently started using the most recent addition, erotica stickers, which I think are helpful because sometimes people are looking for this and end up with mushy romances instead...but this brings me to my next point...
ReplyDeleteI too worry about invisible lines. I have nightmares of separating out parts of the collection that people will feel too uncomfortable being seen in. We already fight this a little bit because our romance section is singled out, and people act a little bit embarrassed perusing the steamier sections. Back to the erotica stickers, although they aren't singled out like the romance novels, slapping something on there that says erotica seems to make people uncomfortable casually walking around with it, or reading it in public.
We use genre stickers for mysteries, Christian fiction, and Westerns. We did away with romance because patrons were embarrassed and it made it less likely for them to check out a book with that sticker. We also very recently decided to do away with science fiction and fantasy stickers, for a couple of reasons. There is SO MUCH crossover with other genres. Secondly, people who "don't read sci-fi/fantasy" will read a the more "literary" (as much as I hate that term) SF/F, or SF/F with a lighter touch (like magical realism or near-future sci-fi); with a sticker they get scared away from books they really might love. Books like "Lock-In" by John Scalzi, "My Real Children" by Jo Walton, "The Golem and the Jinni" by Helene Wecker, and the Area X trilogy by Jeff Vandermeer were some of the books that sparked that change.
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